Saffron's active compounds are crocin (responsible for color), safranal (responsible for aroma), and crocetin (metabolite). These work through: (1) serotonin reuptake inhibition — similar mechanism to SSRIs but milder; (2) NMDA receptor modulation — antidepressant via glutamate pathway; (3) dopamine modulation — contributes to mood and pleasure (explaining sexual function improvement); (4) 5-HT2C antagonism — reduces appetite (satiety mechanism); (5) antioxidant protection of retinal photoreceptors — explaining the AMD benefit. The multi-pathway antidepressant mechanism may explain why it matches SSRIs in head-to-head trials.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.