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L-threonate (a metabolite of vitamin C) acts as a unique carrier molecule: (1) it increases the expression of the magnesium transporter protein in the BBB (specifically, L-threonate upregulates BBB Mg transporters); (2) the L-threonate-Mg complex crosses the BBB more efficiently than inorganic magnesium; (3) once in the brain, Mg²⁺ enhances NMDA receptor signaling at the NR2B subunit — this subunit is the "plasticity switch" that enables long-term potentiation (LTP, the cellular basis of memory); (4) brain Mg²⁺ increases presynaptic release probability while simultaneously increasing the number of functional synapses (higher synaptic density); (5) in the prefrontal cortex, elevated Mg²⁺ enhances fear memory extinction — the process by which learned fear responses are overwritten.
Based on independent third-party laboratory analysis
Category pass rate: ~80% of magnesium products passed independent laboratory testing. However, form accuracy is a MAJOR issue — some brands label one form but contain a different (cheaper) form.
Contamination risk: Low risk category. Heavy metals rarely an issue in mineral supplements at tested doses.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.