Electrolytes maintain the electrochemical gradient across cell membranes (Na+/K+ ATPase pump), which is fundamental to: (1) nerve signal transmission (action potentials); (2) muscle contraction (calcium flux triggers actin-myosin cross-bridging); (3) fluid balance (sodium draws water via osmosis — the Starling forces); (4) pH regulation (bicarbonate buffer system). During exercise, sweat losses of 0.5-2.5L/hour deplete sodium (primary sweat electrolyte) and smaller amounts of potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Replacing water WITHOUT electrolytes dilutes blood sodium (hyponatremia) — at <125 mmol/L, brain swelling (cerebral edema) can be fatal within hours.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.