Piperine enhances bioavailability through: (1) CYP3A4 inhibition — blocks the liver enzyme responsible for metabolizing ~50% of all drugs and many supplements, reducing first-pass metabolism; (2) P-glycoprotein inhibition — P-gp is an efflux pump in intestinal cells that pushes absorbed compounds back into the gut lumen. Blocking it increases net absorption; (3) UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) inhibition — blocks glucuronidation (the process that inactivates curcumin, resveratrol, and other polyphenols); (4) increased intestinal blood flow — improves absorption rate. The net effect: more of the co-ingested compound reaches systemic circulation.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.