Bee pollen is a complex matrix containing: proteins (10-40%), carbohydrates (13-55%), lipids (1-13%), vitamins (B-complex, C, E), minerals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, S), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin), phenolic acids, enzymes, and carotenoids. The menopausal symptom relief mechanism is unclear — the Femal extract used in trials is NOT estrogenic (tested), suggesting it works through alternative pathways (possibly serotonergic or anti-inflammatory). The antioxidant activity comes from the flavonoid fraction. The hepatoprotective effects are attributed to flavonoid-mediated reduction of oxidative stress and NF-κB inhibition.
No pharmacological critical interactions identified. PRIMARY RISK IS ALLERGIC/ANAPHYLACTIC.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.