Andrographolides work through: (1) NF-κB covalent inhibition — andrographolide forms a Michael adduct with the p50 DNA-binding domain of NF-κB, blocking inflammatory gene transcription; (2) enhanced immune cell function — increased phagocytic activity and antibody production (IgG, IgM); (3) antiviral — inhibits viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and blocks viral entry; (4) hepatoprotective — increases glutathione and SOD activity, protecting liver from oxidative damage. The anti-inflammatory mechanism (covalent NF-κB binding) is pharmacologically unique — most anti-inflammatory compounds use reversible binding.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.