Valerian

WHAT IT DOES

Valerian's primary active compound, valerenic acid, works through: (1) inhibiting GABA transaminase — the enzyme that degrades GABA — resulting in increased GABA levels in synapses; (2) binding GABA-A receptors at a non-benzodiazepine site (subunit-selective modulation); (3) interacting with serotonin 5-HT5a receptors — a recently identified mechanism that may explain anxiety reduction; (4) acting on adenosine A1 receptors — contributing to sleep promotion. The lack of hangover effect suggests valerian enhances natural sleep architecture without the deep sedation that impairs next-day function.

OPTIMAL DOSAGE

SAFETY PROFILE

Critical Interactions (Do Not Combine Without Medical Supervision)

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

Theoretical/Low-Risk Interactions