Quercetin works through multiple mechanisms: (1) mast cell stabilization — inhibits degranulation and histamine release (anti-allergy, superior to cromolyn sodium in vitro); (2) NF-κB inhibition — broad anti-inflammatory effect; (3) senolytic activity — selectively induces apoptosis in senescent cells by inhibiting pro-survival pathways (BCL-2 family, PI3K/Akt, HIF-1α) that zombie cells depend on; (4) antiviral — inhibits viral entry (3CLpro protease inhibitor for coronaviruses, neuraminidase inhibitor for influenza); (5) eNOS activation — increases NO for vasodilation (blood pressure reduction). The poor bioavailability (2%) is due to rapid phase II metabolism (glucuronidation/sulfation in liver and intestine). Phytosomal formulation wraps quercetin in phospholipid, increasing absorption 20x.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.